ICOS Science Conference 2026: why climate action needs better carbon data

The event in one view

The ICOS Science Conference 2026 will run from 15 to 17 September at AF-Borgen in Lund, Sweden, with online participation. Its theme is Science, Data, Services: Together for Climate Action. ICOS conferences bring together researchers and decision-makers who work with greenhouse gases and biogeochemical cycles.

The programme is larger than a single topic. It includes plenaries, parallel sessions, a Science for Policy panel, and an evening connecting science and art. The draft programme remains subject to change.

Why observation systems matter

Climate policy depends on measurements of emissions, concentrations, land and ocean exchanges, and the processes that move carbon through the Earth system. A target is easier to trust when researchers can compare it with independent observations. The difficult work is often invisible: calibrating instruments, maintaining stations, checking uncertainty, and making data usable for someone outside the original research group.

ICOS brings that work together through a research infrastructure that observes greenhouse gases across Europe. The conference theme puts the full chain in the title. Science produces knowledge. Data needs quality control and access. Services translate both into information that policy, industry, and communities can use.

Questions to ask about a climate number

• What was measured, at which site, with which instrument, unit, and time period?
• Is the number a direct observation, a model estimate, a scenario, or a combination of these?
• How large is the uncertainty, and does it change the decision being discussed?
• Can another researcher or public body access the method and data needed to reproduce the result?
• How does the measurement connect to a local source, sink, land-use change, or policy action?

A bridge to citizen science

Most people will not operate a greenhouse-gas station, and a phone reading cannot replace a calibrated atmospheric measurement. Citizen observations can still add useful context when they are designed for the question. A fixed photo point can document land-cover change. A phenology log can show seasonal timing. A local energy record can make a building intervention testable.

The right habit is to keep the measurement's limits attached to the result. Record the place, date, method, and missing information. That is how a field observation becomes a useful piece of evidence instead of a number detached from its conditions.

Sources

• ICOS: Science Conference 2026

  Primary conference page with dates, Lund venue, online format, theme, programme, and presentation details. (LINK_ONLY)

• ICOS: conference overview

  Independent ICOS page explaining the conference series and its greenhouse-gas and biogeochemical focus. (LINK_ONLY)

• ICOS Carbon Portal: registration and participation

  Current participation page confirming fully hybrid access and the on-site and virtual options. (LINK_ONLY)

• ICOS: registration now open

  Conference update confirming registration, hybrid access, and programme details. (LINK_ONLY)